CONSIDERACIONES PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE UNA PROPUESTA MAPUCHE

<div class="footnote_text" style=' text-align: center;'><span style='font-family: Arial Narrow; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: small-caps;'>INFORME DE LA COMISIÓN VERDAD HISTÓRICA Y NUEVO TRATO 2003 </span><br /><span style='font-family: Arial Narrow; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: small-caps;'>Volumen III</span></div> <div class="footnote_text" style=' text-align: center; margin-left:9pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial Narrow; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: small-caps;'>TOMO II</span><span style='font-size: 16pt; font-variant: small-caps;'>I</span></div> <div class="Title"><span style='font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal;'>Primera parte del informe final de la Comision de Trabajo Autónomo Mapuche</span><br /><span style='font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal;'>CAPÍTULO VII</span></div> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: center;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;'>Fundamentos para una participación política mapuche</span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: center;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;'>ÍNDICE</span></div> <br /> <div style="position:relative; left: -3"> <table rules="none" border="0" frame="void"> <colgroup> <col width="50" /> <col width="515" /> <col width="41" /> </colgroup> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Consideraciones para la elaboración de una Propuesta Política Mapuche..........................................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: bottom; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal" style=' margin-right:1pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1610</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>Introducción.....................................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal" style=' margin-right:1pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1610</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>I</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>El principio de igualdad y los indígenas..........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal" style=' margin-right:1pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1610</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>II.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en el contexto internacional.............................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1614</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>III.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>La libre determinación y la autonomía............................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1617</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>IV.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Nación, Estado nacional y nacionalismo.........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1618</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>V. </span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Pluralismo jurídico ¿Derecho mapuche o interlegalidad?...............................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1620</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>VI.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Derecho, territorio y jurisdicción......................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1623</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>VII.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Estado chileno y el desconocimiento de los derechos indígenas...................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1625</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>VIII.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Los derechos indígenas en el ámbito constitucional.......................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1628</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reconocimiento constitucional en México......................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1630</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Antecedentes generales..................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1630</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Levantamiento indígena. La aparición en escena del EZLN..........................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1631</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Los acuerdos de San Andrés y el proyecto dela COCOPA...........................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1631</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.3.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Contenido del acuerdo de San Andrés...........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1632</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.3.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Propuesta de la Comisión de Concordia y pacificación (COCOPA)..............................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1632</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Contrapropuesta del gobierno federal.............................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1633</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.5.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reforma constitucional....................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1635</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.6.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Rechazo a la reforma constitucional...............................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1635</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reconocimiento constitucional en Nicaragua.................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1636</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Antecedentes generales..................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1636</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Elementos centrales del régimen autonómico nicaragüense..........................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1637</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reconocimiento constitucional y estatuto de autonomía................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1637</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reforma constitucional de 1995......................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1638</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.5.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Estructura y contenido del régimen de autonomía..........................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1638</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reconocimiento constitucional en Colombia...................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1639</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Antecedentes generales..................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1639</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Constitución de 1991.......................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1640</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Territorios indígenas, los Resguardos y Entidades Territoriales Indígenas....................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1641</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Los Resguardos..............................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1642</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Entidades Territoriales Indígenas (ETIs).........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1642</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Las tutelas jurisdiccionales y derechos indígenas..........................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1643</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Reconocimiento constitucional en Panamá....................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1644</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Antecedentes generales.................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1644</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: center;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;'>ÍNDICE</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Estructura y contenido del régimen de las comarcas en Panamá..................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1644</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Comarca de Kuna Yala...................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1644</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Comarca Emberá-Wuonaan............................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1645</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Comarca Ngobe-Buglé....................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1645</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Comarca Kuna Madungandi............................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1646</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>4.2.5.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Comarca Kuna de Wargandi...........................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1646</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Alcance y efectos de los reconocimientos constitucionales............................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1647</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>IX.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Derechos indígenas en la transición chilena...................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1648</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>X.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Participación chilena.......................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1651</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'> 1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>La participación y el control local....................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1652</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>La participación social y política......................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1652</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Elemento local.................................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1653</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>2.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>El control local.................................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1654</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Descripción propuesta de acción....................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1654</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Descripción general.........................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1654</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Análisis particular...........................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1655</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Dimensión política del municipio.....................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1656</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Participación de las organizaciones indígenas en el Consejo Económico Social Comunal (CESCO)..........................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1657</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Ordenanza de participación............................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1658</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>La participación en la gestión municipal..........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1658</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.3.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Los plebiscitos comunales..............................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1659</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Dimensión de conflictos ambientales..............................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1659</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.1.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Recurso de protección, Art.20 de la C.P.R.....................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1660</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.2.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Participación en el sistema de evaluación de impacto ambiental. Requerimiento ambiental y denuncias ambientales................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1660</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.3.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Fiscalizadores ad honorem de pesca..............................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1662</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.4.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Ordenanza medio ambiental...........................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1662</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="footnote_text"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>3.4.5.</span></div></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Sistemas internacionales de protección..........................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1663</span></div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <br /></td> <td width="515" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Body_Text_2" style=' text-align: left;'><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;'>Conclusiones...................................................................................................................</span></div></td> <td width="41" style='valign: middle; background-color: white ; '> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial;'>1664</span></div></td> </tr> </table> </div> <br /> <div class="Body_Text_3"><span style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;'>Consideraciones para la Elaboración de una Propuesta Política Mapuche</span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal"><span style='font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;'>Introducción</span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: justify; text-indent:17pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>Con el objeto de elaborar o proponer estrategias para el pueblo mapuche, en su actual situación, resulta necesario examinar algunos aspectos relacionados con el discurso de los derechos humanos. Tanto en la discusión teórica acerca de la tensión entre derechos colectivos (de los pueblos indígenas), y derechos individuales o liberales; como también en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, que de ser silencioso –ciego a las diferencias- en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, ha ido lentamente, principalmente a través de Naciones Unidas, fortaleciendo la protección de los derechos de las minorías (primero) y pueblos indígenas. De esta forma es que el discurso indígena, al igual que el de los derechos humanos es un discurso emancipador.</span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: justify; text-indent:17pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>Por otra parte, el análisis del discurso teórico referido la formación del Estado nacional y las relaciones interétnicas en Chile, desde una perspectiva histórica, permiten entender el presente de dichas relaciones para cambiarlas en el futuro. Que es lo que en definitiva caracteriza “el nuevo trato”. Pero esta transformación, ¿implica acaso, repensar a los mapuche como una minoría nacional, que reivindica su derecho a la libre determinación? Aun cuando la respuesta pueda ser aun imprecisa, el “nuevo trato” implica necesariamente cuestionarse estos asuntos, la construcción del estado y la nación, la identidad cultural como sujeto político; de otra manera, es decir un trato que pase por no interrogarse sobre estas cuestiones, es en verdad un “viejo trato”. </span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: justify; text-indent:17pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>Otro insumo de esta reflexión, debe encontrarse en los caminos seguidos en otros Estados Latinoamericanos, en la mayoría de los cuales se han producido reformas constitucionales y/o ratificación del Convenio 169 de la OIT, que dan cuenta de un nuevo trato; aunque sólo sea la “Carta” de un nuevo trato que no se ha vuelto palpable. </span></div> <br /> <div class="Normal" style=' text-align: justify; text-indent:17pt;'><span style='font-family: Arial;'>No es fácil plantear el camino, pero sí es posible establecer algunos hitos, algunas luces que vayan alumbrando el camino.</span></div> <br /> </body>